საქართველოს ტექნიკური უნივერსიტეტი საქართველოში სითბოს და ელექტროენერგიის გამომუშავების კოგენერაციული მეთოდების გამოკვლევა თანამედროვე

Transcription

1 საქართველოს ტექნიკური უნივერსიტეტი ხელნაწერის უფლებით ქეთევან მჭედლიძე საქართველოში სითბოს და ელექტროენერგიის გამომუშავების კოგენერაციული მეთოდების გამოკვლევა თანამედროვე მაღალეფექტური ენერგოდანადგარების ბაზაზე დოქტორის აკადემიური ხარისხის მოსაპოვებლად წარდგენილი დისერტაციის ა ვ ტ ო რ ე ფ ე რ ა ტ ი თბილისი 2013 წელი 1

2 სამუშაო შესრულებულია საქართველოს ტექნიკური უნივერსიტეტის ენერგეტიკისა და ტელეკომუნიკაციის ფაკულტეტის თბო- და ჰიდროენერგეტიკის დეპარტამენტის თბოენერგეტიკული დანადგარების სასწავლო სამეცნიერო მიმართუ ლებაზე. სამეცნიერო ხელმძღვანელი: ტ.მ.დ., სრული პროფესორი გურამ ჩიტაშვილი რეცენზენტები: დაცვა შედგება წლის , საათზე საქართველოს ტექნიკური უნივერსიტეტის ფაკულტეტის სადისერტაციო საბჭოს კოლეგიის სხდომაზე, კორპუსი , აუდიტორია მისამართი: 0175, თბილისი, კოსტავას 77. დისერტაციის გაცნობა შეიძლება სტუ-ს ბიბლიოთეკაში, ხოლო ავტორეფერატისა სტუ-ს ვებგვერდზე სადისერტაციო საბჭოს მდივანი, ტ.მ.დ., სრული პროფესორი გრიგოლ ხელიძე 2

3 Temis aqtualuroba. kogeneracia Tboeqtromomaragebis umarlesi formaa. msofliosi didi yuradreba etmoba eqtruli da Tburi energiebis kombinirebuli gamomusavebis (kogeneraciis) sistemebis ganvitarebas. amjamad kogeneracia vitardeba ZiriTadad airturbinuli da ortqlairuli teqnologiebis bazaze. atd-ebi da oatd-ebi xasiatdeba marali Tburi ekonomiurobit, minimaluri kutri RirebulebiT, kargi ekologiuri TvisebebiT, kapitaldabandebebis swrafi gamosyidvit, kogeneraciasi gamoyenebis efeqturobit da sxv. didi mnisvnoba aqvs kogeneraciis mesveobit mirebuli ekonomikuri mogebis samartlian ganawilebas gamomusavebul sitbosa da eqtroenergias Soris. amjamad ganvitarebul qveynebsi iyeneben ganawilebis axal, e.w. proporciul metods, romic micneulia yvaze samartlianad. vtvlit, rom saqartvos momaval kogeneraciul sadgurebsic gamoyenebul unda iqnes es proporciuli metodi. kogeneraciis ganvitarebis aucilebi pirobebia: unda izrdebodes motxovna sitbosa da eqtroenergiaze an unda arsebobdes investirebis SesaZleblobebi, rom moxdes arsebuli simzlavreebis Secvla da mozvebuli energodanadgarebis rekonstruqcia. samusaos mizani. dasabutdes saqartvos did da sasualo qalaqebsi kogeneraciuli sistemebis Seqmnis aucilebloba, sxvadasxva tipis energodanadgarebis gamoyenebis bazaze, ganisazrvros mati teqnikur-ekonomikuri macveneblebi, rac safuzvlad daedeba saqartvosi kogeneraciis ganvitarebas. samusaos ZiriTadi amocanebi. gardabansi moqmedi airturbinuli danadgarebis at-tecad rekonstruqciis efeqturobis gamokvleva. kogeneraciuli sistemebis TecebSi umartivesi da rtuli sqemebis airturbinuli danadgarebis gamoyenebis efeqturobis analizi. 3

4 q. TbilisSi gldanis raionsi adre moqmedi #44 saqvabis airturbinul Tecad rekonstruqciis efeqturobis dadgena. mcire simzlavris A-41 tipis dizis magalitze narceni sitbos utilizaciis SesaZleblobis analizi da efeqturobis dadgena. qvab-utilizatorian ortqlairul Tecebis energoefeqturobis macveneblebis gaangarisebis metodikis Sedgena da mati gansaz- Rvra. kvlevis obieqti da metodebi. kvlevis obieqtebia sxvadasxva tipis kogeneraciuli sistemebi, q.tbilissi adre arsebuli #44 saqvabe, gardabnis airturbinuli Tboeqtrosadguri, mcire simzlavris diz-danadgari. kvlevis metodebia: Tboenergetikuli danadgarebis energoefeqturobis gamokvlevis arsebuli metodebi, kogeneraciuli sadgurebis efeqturobis analizis fizikuri da proporciuli metodebi, Tecebis teqnikur-ekonomikuri analizi. nasromis ZiriTadi Sedegebi da mecnieruli siaxle. damusavebulia airturbinuli da ortqlairuli Tecebis energoefeqturobis gansazrvris metodikebi. proporciuli metodis gamoyenebit gaanalizebulia sxvadasxva tipis kogeneraciuli sistemebis efeqturobis ZiriTadi macveneblebi. normatiuli metodis gamoyenebit Catarebulia KO tipis turbinebit arwurvili ortqlturbinuli Tecis energoefeqturobis macveneblebis saangariso-analizuri gamokvleva. gansazrvrulia satbobis kutri xarji da misi fardobiti ekonomia energowarmoebis gancalkevebul metodtan SedarebiT. Seswavlilia gardabansi moqmedi airturbinuli danadgarebis at-tecad rekonstruqciis efeqturobis SesaZlebloba. gaanalizirebulia q. TbilisSi gldanis raionsi adre moqmedi #44 saqvabis airturbinul Tecad rekonstruqciis efeqturoba da gansazrvrulia Tecis ZiriTadi teqnikur-ekonomikuri macveneblebi. Sedegebis gamoyenebis sfero. nasromsi mirebuli Sedegebi 4

5 SeiZleba safuzvlad daedos saqartvos qalaqebsi sxvadasxva tipis kogeneraciuli sadgurebis proeqtebis damusavebas da Seqmnas. samusaos aprobacia. samusaos ZiriTadi debulebebi da Sedegebi moxsenebuli iyo samecniero konferenciebze: 1. saqartvos teqnikuri universitetis #76 samecnieroteqnikuri konferencia 2008 w. 2. saertasoriso samecniero konferencia `energetika: regionuli problemebi da ganvitarebis perspeqtivebi. a. weretlis saxmwifo universiteti maisi, 2010 w. qutaisi; 3. saqartvos teqnikuri universitetis studentta #79 Ria saertasoriso konferenciaze 2011 w; sadisertacio Temis pirv seminarze: satbobis ekonomiis gansazrvra energosistemebsi, gamowveuli sxvadasxva tipis kogeneraciuli sadgurebis funqcionirebit. meore Tematur seminarze: ortqlturbinuli da ortqlairuli kogeneraciuli sadgurebis energoefeqturobis gamokvleva proporciuli metodit. publikaciebi. sadisertacio nasromis ZiriTadi Sedegebi gamoqveynebulia 7 samecniero nasromsi. disertaciis struqtura da moculoba. disertaciis teqsti Sedgeba Sesavlis, otxi Tavis, daskvnis, reziumes, 71 dasaxebis gamoyenebuli literaturis CamonaTvalisagan. disertaciis moculoba Seadgens 158 gverds, 49 cxrilsa da 71 naxazis CaTvliT. samusaos mokle Sinaarsi Tavi I. kogeneracia ariarebulia energodamzogi polikitis ert-ert umnisvnovanes mimartulebad. igi uzrunvyofs organuli satbobisa da kapitaldabandebebis yvaze racionalurad gamoyenebas da qalaqebisa da dasaxlebuli punqtebis ekologiur usafrtxoebas wlis dasawyissi evrokomisiam miiro axali direqtiva kogeneraciis Sesaxeb, romic gansazrvravs politikur stra- 5

6 tegias gardamavali ekonomikis qveynebsi da awesebs stimulebs kogeneraciuli sistemebis danergvisatvis. kogeneraciis ganvitarebis aucilebi pirobebia: unda izrdebodes motxovna sitbosa da eqtroenergiaze an unda arsebobdes investirebis SesaZleblobebi, rom moxdes arsebuli simzlavreebis Secvla da mozvebuli energodanadgarebis rekonstruqcia. saqartvosi kogeneraciis ganvitarebas swirdeba saxmwifoebrivi mxardawera. kogeneracia saqartvosi amjamad Zalze sustad aris ganvitarebuli, rac did zarals ayenebs qveynis ekonomikas. migvacnia, rom saqartvosi unda ganvitardes kogeneraciis axali saxeoba, romic ZiriTadaT dafuznebuli iqneba Tanamedrove maralekonomiuri airturbinuli (atd) da, ortqlairuli danadgarebis gamoyenebaze. airturbinuli blok-tecebis Seqmna da danergva saqartvosi Zalze aqtualuri problemaa, vinaidan saqme exeba im metad ZviradRirebuli satbobis (umtavresad, bunebrivi airis) did ekonomias, romlis SeZena Cven gvixdeba ucxoetsi. aseti sadgurebi gacilebit ufro momgebiania, rogorc saerto ekonomiurobis TvalsazrisiT, aseve xvedriti kapitaluri dabandebebis mixedvit, vidre tradiciuli ortqlturbinuli Tecebi. qvabutilizatorebit arwurvili 25 mgvt-mde simzlavris Tbofikaciuri airturbinuli danadgarebis gantavseba raionul saqvabeebsi izleva sasualebas %-iT Semcirdes, ortqlturbinul TecTan SedarebiT, satbobis kutri xarji 1 kvt.st gacemul eqtroenergiaze, 2...2,5-jer momsaxure personalis xvedriti raodenoba da 1,7...2-jer kutri litontevadoba. saqartvosi airturbinuli Tecebi unda asendes etapobrivad, adre arsebuli raionuli, kvartaluri da samrewvo saqvabeebis Tavisufal teritoriebze TbilisSi da sxva did da sasualo qalaqebsi. marto TbilisSi pirv etapze SeiZleba Seiqmnas 56 aseti Teci dadguli jamuri simzlavrit aranakleb 6

7 500 mgvt. isini unda ariwurvos mowinave ucxouri firmebis (simensi, jeneral-eqtriki, rols-roisi da sxv.) maralefeqturi airturbinuli danadgarebit. SemoTavazebulia Tecebis efeqturoba Sefasdes proporciuli metodit, romic itvaliswinebs TecSi yva danaxarjis gayofas ori saxis energias Soris Seabamisi xarjebis proporciulad sitbosa da eqtroenergiis gamomusavebisas gancalkevebuli metodit (saqvabesa da kondensaciur eqtrosadgursi). satbobis fardobiti ekonomia, romsac uzrunvyofs Tecis funqcionireba energosistemasi Bek 1 BTec. satbobis kutri xarjebi TecSi eqtroenergiasa da sitbos gamomusavebaze gaiangariseba formulebit: b b Tec st Tec BTec Bkes BTec bkes( 1 Bek); (1) N N st BTec Bsaq BTec bsaq ( 1 Bek), (2) Q Q gm gm sadac N aris Tecis eqtruli simzlavre, kvt; Q gm Tecis Tburi simzlavre, gj/st; bkes - satbobis kutri xarji kessi, kgp.s./kvt.st; b saq - satbobis kutri xarji saqvabesi, kg p.s./gj. formulebi (1) da (2) gamosadegia nebismieri tipis TecisaTvis - ortqlturbinuli, airturbinuli, ortqlairuli. am damokidebulebebis sasualebit advilad ganisazrvreba Tecis kerzo mq koeficientebi eqtroenergiisa da sitbos gamomusavebaze: 0,123 0,123 kes Tec ; (3) b b ( 1 Bek) 1 Bek Tec kes st 34,1 34,1 saq Tec. (4) st b b ( 1 Bek) 1 Bek Tec saq 7

8 st b, kgp.s./gj, Tec b gp.s./(kvt/st) Tec t, 0 C t, 0 C a) b) nax. 1. satbobis kutri xarji airturbinul TecSi Tburi da eqtroenergiis gamomusavebaze: a - t parametrebze damokidebulebit ( kes =0.37, saq = 0.8) da b - airturbinul TecSi t -ze damokidebulebit atd -s otxi mnisvnobistvis: kes =0.37, saq = 0.8. nax. 1-ze mocemulia sitbos gamomusavebaze satbobis kutri xarjis st st b damokidebulebebi b f ) da b f ( t). st Tec Tec ( atd Tec am mrudebs wrfivi xasiati aqvt. amastan, proporciuli metodit mirebuli mnisvnobebi yovtvis naklebia rogorc raionuli saqvabis macvenebze b saq, aseve fizikuri metodit gansazrvrul sidideze (punqtiris xazi); rogorc cnobilia, am metodis Tanaxmad, airturbinuli TecebisTvis st btec mudmivia (ar aris damokidebuli t -sa da atd -ze) da praqtikulad Tburi energiis fizikuri eqvivalentis tolia kg p.s./gj. Tavi II. ortqlturbinuli kogeneracia ortqlturbinuli Tecebis energetikuli efeqturobis macveneblebad mirebulia sruli mq koeficienti (satbobis sitbos gamoyenebis xarisxi) sr Tec, kerzo mq koeficientebi, Tec pirobiti satbobis kutri xarjebi b Tec st Tec da, b st Tec eqtroenergiis da sitbos warmoebaze, eqtroenergiis kutri gamomusaveba sitbos 8

9 moxmarebis bazaze da satbobis fardobiti ekonomia energowarmoebis gancalkevebul metodtan SeadrebiT. B ek - ganvixilot energetikuli efeqturobis macveneblebi ortqlturbinuli TecisTvis, romic dakompleqtebulia an tipis ertregulirebadartmeviani turbodanadgarebit. sr nax. 2-ze agebulia f, da f td m td funqciebis grafikebi. mirebulia, rom kondensaciur rejimsi ( m 0) sr (k) 0,46, xolo ukuwnevis rejimsi ( 1) td td td m m sr td td uk td em 0,97. am rejimsi turbodanadgarze miwodebuli sitbos nawili gardaiqmneba Siga musaobad, danarceni sitbo ki gadaecema sitbos momxmarebs; sitbos danakargi civ wyarosi ar aris. nax. 2. ortqlis artmevis sr turbodanadgaris sruli m wilis da parametris gavlena Tbofikaciuri da kerzo ( ) mq koeficientebze. td td nax. 2-dan Cans, rom mcire m -is dros ( 0,2...0,3) mq m td koeficienti umnisvnod izrdeba kondensaciuri rejimis (k) td mq koeficienttan SedarebiT; roca 0,4...0, 5, masin 0,5...0,6. m td mq koeficientis gansakutrebit didi namati ( (k) td -stan SedarebiT) gvaqvs, roca 0,7...0, 8 da 0,4...0, 6 m. rodesac Tbofikaciuri turbina musaobs ortqlis maqsimaluri artmevit ( m 0,95) da minimaluri saventilacio xarjit dabali wnevis nawilsi, masin td mq koeficienti maqsimaluria ( ) -s 9

10 TiTqmis yva mnisvnobis dros ( 0,25...0,30). damusavebuli metodikis safuzvze SesaZlebia ganisazrvros energosistemasi Tecis musaobit ganpirobebuli satbobis fardobiti ekonomia B ek : Bek 1 N T B ek 1, (5) B ganc sr Tec N T / saq / kes sadac satbobis absoluturi ekonomiaa; ek ganc Tec kes, saq satbobis xarjebia Casanacvleb kessa da saqvabesi; koeficienti N T T warmoadgens turbodanadgaris fardobit Tbofikaciur simzlavres: T Tem T N T. (6) 1 T es koeficienti icvleba 0-dan kondensaciur rejimsi ( T 0) 1-mde ukuwnevis rejimsi ). ( T proporciuli metodit gansazrvruli ortqlturbinuli Tecis ekonomiurobis macveneblebi (im pirobebistvis, rodesac saq Casanacvlebi saqvabis mq koeficienti 0. 8, xolo kondensaciuri energoblokis mq koeficienti kes ) grafikulad warmodgenilia nax ,1 0,2 0,4 0,6 Nnax. 3. grafiki Tecis funqcionirebit gamowveuli satbobis fardobiti ekonomiis gansazrvrisatvis - ek =f ( m,ω) (mirebulia kes 0.332, 0.8) saq 10

11 Tec ,1 0,2 0,4 0, nax. 4. proporciuli metodit gansazrvruli eqtroenergiis gamomusavebaze Tecis kerzo mq koeficientis damokidebuleba (mirebulia 0.332, 0. 8) kes saq m da ω parametrebze, kgp.s./(kvt.st) b Tec nax. 5. proporciuli metodit gansazrvruli eqtroenergiis gamomusavebaze satbobis kutri xarjis damokidebuleba α da ω parametrebze (mirebulia 0.332, 0.8) kes saq m , kgp.s./gj st b Tec nax. 6. proporciuli metodit gansazrvruli sitbos gamomusavebaze satbobis kutri xarjis damokidebuleba da ω parametrebze (mirebulia 0.332, 0. 8 kes ) saq m 11

12 analogiuri gaangarisebebi Catarebulia, roca kes 0.37, kes Sesabamisi grafikebi moyvanilia disertaciasi , nax. 9. satbobis fardobiti ekonomiis damokidebuleba ortqlturbinul TecSi Casanacvlebi kes-is mq koeficientze (mirebulia = 0.6) Tavi III. airturbinuli danadgarebis da Sigawvis Zravebis gamoyeneba kogeneraciasi airturbinuli danadgarebi kogeneraciul sistemebsi SeiZleba gamoviyenot: 1) eqtroenergetikul sistemebsi cvladi eqtruli datvirtvebis dasafaravad, rogorc samanevro danadgarebi. 2) rogorc bazisuri danadgarebi zomieri eqtruli simzlavrit. Tbomomaragebis sistemebsi atd-ebis gamoyeneba uzrunvyofs ekonomiurobis mnisvnovan amarlebas: mq koeficienti izrdeba 35 38%-dan (mati avtonomiurad musaobisas) 60 80%-mde, e.i. ekonomiurobis macveneblebi uaxlovdeba Tanamedrove ortqlturbinul Tecebis macveneblebs (zogjer awarbebs kidec). SevadaroT satbobis kutri xarjebi b Cveulebriv Tecsa da airturbinul blok-tecsi. amastan unda Sedardes ara macvenebi `bruto, aramed `neto, vinaidan eqtroenergiis sakutar moxmarebaze xarji mnisvnovnad gansxvavdeba ortqlturbinul Tecsa da airturbinul blok-tecsi. 12

13 airturbinul blok-tecebsi k sm koeficienti gacilebit naklebia. es imit aixsneba, rom martivi sqemis atd-ebs, romlebitac ZiriTadad ariwurveba blok-tecebi, ara aqvt haersacivrebi haeris Sualeduri gacivebisatvis, agretve mkvebavi da kondensatis tumboebi, kvamlmwovebi da sxv. amitom mattvis rekomendebulia mivirot k sm =0,01-0,015. amave dros im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac atd musaobs bunebriv airze da blok-tecis ganlagebis zonasi ar gadis marali wnevis airsadeni, sawiro xdeba damatebit airsawirxni kompresoris dayeneba. es zrdis eqtroenergiis xarjs sakutar moxmarebaze 3-3,5%-mde. Cven gaangarisebebsi mivirot sasualo mnisvnoba k 2% imusavebs rogorc airad, aseve Txevad satbobze. sm, vinaidan blok-teci nax. 10. satbobis fardobiti ekonomiis (a) b nt f B ek f da kutri xarjebis (b) Sedareba ortqlturbinul Tecsa (uwyveti xazebi) da airturbinul blok-tecsi (wyvetili xazebi); mirebulia: kes 0,37; 0,8; 0,9; 0,97; 0, 98 saq og em tr nax. 10-ze (b) Sedarebulia b nt -is mnisvnobebi ortqltur- binul Tecsa da airturbinul blok-tecsi. mirebulia: blok-tecisatvis k sm tr =0,98, em gaangarisebebsi =0,02, TecisaTvis k sm =0,07; og =0,9, =0,97. eqtroenergiis kutri gamomusaveba sitbos 13

14 moxmarebis bazaze icvleba TecisTvis 0,1-dan 0,6-mde, blok- TecisaTvis 0,4-dan0,9-mde. moyvanili grafikidan Cans, rom fizikuri metodis gamoyenebit gaangarisebuli nt b sidideebi arsebitad gansxvavdeba Cveulebriv Tecsa da airturbinul blok-tecsi. pirvis- Tvis nt b -is sasualo mnisvnoba metia, vidre blok-tecsi. sauketeso SemTxvevaSi, roca =0,50,6 da m =0,80,9, TecSi satbobis kutri xarji nt b icvleba 175-dan 200 gps/kvt.st-mde. asetive macveneblebi aqvs blok-tecs, roca =0,50,6 da t C. dadginda, rom optimalur pirobebsi satbobis kutri xarji 1 kvt.st gacemul eqtroenergiaze blok-tecsi sasualod 15%-iT naklebia, vidre ortqlturbinul TecSi. kogeneraciis ori variantis energetikuli efeqturobis Sedarebidan Cans, rom airturbinul blok-tecebs aqvt energetikuli upiratesoba tradiciul ortqlturbinul TecebTan SedarebiT. gardabnis eqtrosadguris teritoriaze damontajebulia ori airturbinuli energobloki, romlebic musaoben ert eqtrogeneratorze. airturbinuli danadgarebis gazmomarageba xorcideba gardabnis airgamanawileb sadguridan. sadguris teritoriaze gantavsebulia bunebrivi airis wnevis amwevi busteruli kompresorebi, romta sasualebit xorcideba airis wnevis aweva 0,81,0 mgpa-dan (wneva airis magistralsi) 3,23,4 mgpa-mde (wneva airturbinuli danadgaris wvis kameris win). eqtrosadguris Tboteqnikuri nawili warmodgenilia FT8-1 tipis otxi airturbinuli danadgarit, damzadebuli ass-si firma Prat and Witney-is mier. am at-debis Tbofikaciur danadgarebad gadaketebis gaangarisebis Sedegad mirebulia at- Tecis ZiriTadi macveneblebi (cxr. 1), saidanac Cans, rom kogeneraciul rejimsi at-tecis kutri xarji eqtroenergiis gacemaze Seadgens b = 0,2806 kgp.s./(kvt.st). sas 14

15 Sesabamisad at-tecis kerzo mq koeficienti (neto) eqtroenergiis gacemaze: nt 0,123 0,123 0,438, (7) b 0,2806 sas e.i. at-tecis efeqturoba utoldeba sauketeso, superkritikuli parametrebit momusave kondensaciuri energoblokis efeqturobas. nax. 11-ze nacvenebia eqtroenergiis tarifis kapitaldabandebis gamosyidvis vadaze. C tar gavlena gardabnis at-tecis macveneblebi cxrili 1 # parametri ganzomileba sidide 1 eqtruli simzlavre 2. energiis wliuri gamomusaveba 3. energiis wliuri gacema 4 Tburi simzlavre 5 pirobiti satbobis xarji (wliuri) 6 bunebrivi airis wliuri xarji 7 gatbobis sezonsi gacemuli.energiis raodenoba atd-tecsi pirobiti satbobis sasua- 8 lo wliuri kutri xarji.energiis gacemaze 9.energiis TviTRirebuleba kvt kvt.st/wl 6 853,12 10 kvt.st/wl 6 831,99 10 kvt kgp.s./wl 6 276,22 10 m 3 /wl 6 227,34 10 kvt.st 6 389,12 10 kgp.s./(kvt.st) 0,2806 centi/(kvt.st) 4,4 bunebrivi airis wliuri xarji Tburi energiis gamomusavebaze m 3 /wl 35,19 Tburi energiis jamuri wluri gamomusaveba pirobiti satbobis kutri xarji Tburi energiis gamomusavebaze 6 10 Ggj/wl kgp.s./gj 36,4 atd-tecis sruli mq koeficienti (sasualo wliuri) % 53 atd-tecis sruli mq koeficienti gatbobis sezonsi % 58,4 kapitaldabandebis gamosyidvis vada, roca.energiis tarifia; centi/(kvt.st): a) 4,79 b) 5,08 g) 5,39 d) 5,69 wi 6,74 3,81 2,65 2,03 15

16 nax. 11. eqtroenergiis gamosyidvis vadaze tarifis gv C gavlena kapitaldabandebis tar amjamad airturbinul kogeneraciul sadgurebsi ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba umartivesi Termodinamikuri ciklis airturbinuli danadgarebi. ufro meti ekonomikuri efeqtis mirebaa SesaZlebi, Tu kogeneraciistvis gamoyenebuli iqneba rtuli sqemebis mravalagregatiani atd-ebi sitbos Sualeduri miwodebit da haeris Sualeduri gacivvebit, SesaZlebia Sualedur haersacivrebsi gamoyofili sitbos gamoyeneba kogeneraciis sistemebsi. sitbos Sualeduri miwodebit atd-is didi upiratesoba imasi mdgomareobs, rom, garda warmavali airebis marali temperaturis mirebisa, rac mnisvnovania kogeneraciistvis, uzrunvyofili iqneba kutri efeqturi musaobis (1 kg musa sxeulze gatvlit) mnisvnovani gadideba. satbobis xarji atdze ganisazrvreba mxolod misi eqtruli simzlavrit da saertod ar aris damokidebuli sitbos raodenobaze, romic gaicema at-tecidan. satbobis ekonomia Tboeqtromomaragebis gancalkevebul metodtan SedarebiT SeiZleba Sefasdes sitbos fardobiti ekonomiis mesveobit q Q / ek ek Q, sadac gm Q ek aris sitbos absoluturi ekonomia, Q gm -atd-is Tburi simzlavre _ sitbos maqsimaluri raodenoba, romic SeiZleba gaices gare momxmareblebze atd-dan drois erteulsi misi sruli 16

17 eqtruli simzlavris dros. q ek -is gamosatvlad mirebulia formulag 1 1/ atd 1/ kes q ek =, 1/ 1/ q saq atd em war (8) sadac atd da em -atd-isa da misi eqtromeqanikuri mq koeficientebia; q war -warmavali airebit sitbos kutri danakargi (1kvt simzlavreze), (kj/wm) /kvt: c q p d war = ( t war tgar) 3600, (9) sadac c p -musa sxeulis (airis) kutri sitbotevadobaa, kj/(kg.k), d _ atd-is musa sxeulis (airis) kutri xarji, kg/(kvt.st), twar -warmavali airebis temperatura sautilizacio Tbogadamcemis mirma, 0 C, t gar -garemos haeris temperatura, 0 C. (8) formulis mnisvnsi samwevri warmoadgens atd-tecis kutr Tbur simzlavres: q = 1/ atd 1/ em qwar. (10) gm satbobis fardobiti ekonomiis gasaangariseblad nebismieri sqemis atd-tecisatvis gamoiyeneba formula: ek saq / atd 1 q / gm saq kes. (11) q da B sidideebi gansazrvrulia ori SemTxvevisTvis: 1) ek ek rodesac at-tecsi gamoyenebulia umartivesi sqemis atd da 2) rodesac aq gamoyenebulia rtuli sqemis atd erti Sualeduri haersacivrit, regeneraciit da erti Sualeduri wvis kamerit (nax. 11). atd-tecis meore variantsi atd metia. xolo d _naklebi, vidre pirvsi. mirebulia, pirv variantsi: atd =0.294, d=25.2kg/(kvt.st); 17

18 nax. 11. atd-is rtuli sqema haeris ertsafexuriani SekumSviT, regeneraciit da sitbos Sualeduri miwodebit: 1_kompresori, 2_regeneratori, 3, 5_wvis kamerebi, 4, 6_maRali da dabali wnevis turbinebi, 7_eqtrogeneratori; I_haeri, II_saTbobi, III_warmavali airebi. meore variantsi: atd =0.32, d=18.2 kg/(kvt.st); mesame variantsi: atd = 0.38, d=11.6 kg/(kvt.st); danarceni parametrebi mivirot ertnairi: saq =0.88, kes =0.37, em =0.97, t war=110 0 C, t gar =0 0 C. gaangarisebis Seedgebi samive variantistvis moyvanilia cxril 1- Si, saidanac Cans, rom atd-tecsi umartivesi sqemis atd-is magivrad rtuli sqemis atd-is gamoyeneba uzrunvyofs rogorc sitbos, ise satbobis fardobiti ekonomiis gadidebas _ Tboeqtromomaragebis gancalkevebul varianttan SedarebiT. at-tecis macveneblebi sxvadasxva pirobebsi cxrili 2 I varianti II varianti III varianti parametri atd =0.294, d=25.2 kg/(kvt.st) atd =0.32, d=18.2 kg/(kvt.st) atd =0.38, d=11.6 kg/(kvt.st) q war q ek q gm ek 18

19 analizi gvicvenebs, rom sxvadasxva tipis rtuli sqemebis airturbinuli danadgarebis gamoyeneba at-tecebsi uzrunvyofs satbobis ekonomiis gazrdas energosistemasi sasualod 20 25%- it, umartivesi sqemis atd-ebis gamoyenebastan SedarebiT. pirv etapze at-tecad unda gadaketdes erti satbierebi raionuli saqvabe tipiuri Tburi datvirtvit mgvt. airturbinuli danadgarebis musaobis xangrzlivobis maqsimumis misarwevad dasvebuli iqna mati musaoba zamtris periodsi 24 st. ganmavlobasi da danarcen periodsi 3000 st. cxwyalmomaragebis datvirtvis dasafaravad. magalitistvis ganvixilot, gldansi adre arsebuli #17 saqvabe, romlis bazaze, SeiZleba Seiqmnas at-teci. gaangarisebis Sedegebi moyvanilis cxr. 3-Si. at-tecis musaobis wliuri macveneblebi cxrili 3 # macveneblebis dasaxeba ganzomileba sidide 1 eqtroenergiis gamomusaveba at- mln.kvt.st/w 609,4 TecSi 2 at-tecis salteebidan gacemuli mln.kvt.st/w 589,01 eqtroenergia 3 cxi wylit gacemuli sitbo atas.gkal/w 695,18 4 at-tecsi sakutar moxmarebaze daxarjuli eqtroenergia mln.kvt.st/w % 20,39 3,35 mat Soris 5 eqtroenergiis warmoebaze mln.kvt.st/w % 17,82 2,92 6 sitbos warmoebaze mln.kvt.st/w % 2,57 0,42 7 pirobiti satbobis xarji atas.tp.s 236,11 mat Soris 8 eqtroenergiis warmoebaze atas.tp.s sitbos warmoebaze atas.tp.s 109,87 10 satbobis pirobiti xarji sitbos kgp.s./gkal 170,0 warmoebaze 11 igive eqtroenergiis warmoebaze gp.s./kvt.st 214,33 dizis musa cilindrebsi sawvavis wvis Sedegad mirebuli sitbo mtlianad ar gardaiqmneba sasargeblo musaobad, am sitbos didi nawili ikargeba namusevari airebit da macivebi wylit. uaxlesi tipis dizebsic ki efeqturi mq koeficienti ar 19

20 aremateba 40-45%-s, xolo Zvi konstruqciis, gansakutrebit amortizebul dizebsi is kidev ufro naklebia. amrigad, sitbos didi nawili (55% da meti) ikargeba, arada es sitbo SeiZleba moxmardes sawarmoo da sameurneo-sayofacxovrebo sawiroebas. namusevari airebit da macivebi wylit gatanili sitbo SeiZleba gamoviyenot garkveuli miznebisatvis. amastan macivebi wylis sitbo SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes ufro srulad, vidre warmavali airebis sitbo. namusevarma airebma sitbos nawili SeiZleba gadasces nebismier Tbogadamtans (wyals, ortqls, haers da sxv.) aparat-utilizatoris mesveobit. namusevari airebidan 1 st-si gacemuli sitbo tolia: sadac Q g ef - satbobis kutri xarjia, kg/(kvt.st); Nef -dizis simzlavre, kvt; 1 g i kj/st (12) 2 ef ef a1 ia2, i a1, i a2 - airis entalpia qvabsi Sesvlisas da gamosvlisas dizsi damwvar 1 kg satbobze SefardebiT, kj/kg; sitbos danakargis koeficienti, romic miireba 3-5%-is toli an ganisazrvreba eqsperimentulad. A-41 dizis magalitze, romlis efeqturi simzlavre ef 37,5kvt, Q gat =0, =36200vt=36,2kvt, gaanalizebulia narceni sitbos utilizaciis SesaZlebloba. dadgenilia, rom gatbobis sistemasi am dizis gamoyenebisas SesaZlebi iqneba 800 m 2 fartobis Senobis gatbobit uzrunvyofa. Tavi IV. ortqlairuli kogeneracia kombinirebuli ciklebis gamoyeneba TesebSi uzrunvyofs Tburi ekonomikurobis gazrdas da sawiro kapitaldabandebebis Semcirebas. binaruli tipis qvab-utilizatoriani Tbofikaciuri ortqlairuli danadgarebi yvaze perspeqtiulia TecebisaTvis. 20

21 nax. 12. qvab-utilizatoriani aotd-tecis principuli Tburi sqema nax. 12-ze moyvanilia aseti tipis danagarebit arwurvili Tecis principuli Tburi sqema, sadac gamoyenebulia umartivesi tipis airturbinuli danadgari, KO tipis (T an П) ertregulirebadartmeviani Tbofikaciuri ortqlis turbina, romsac ara aqvs ortqlis regeneraciuli artmevebi. atd-is warmavali airebis sitbos utilizacia xdeba Tanmimdevrulad jer qvabutilizatorsi 5 ortqlis turbinisatvis 6 dabali an sasualo wnevis ortqlis misarebad, Semdeg ki airwylian SemTbobSi 9. amis Sedegad warmavali airebis temperatura mcirdeba C-dan (atd-is gamosasvlze) C-mde (atmosferosi gatyorcnisas). gatboba-cxwyalmomaragebis sistemasi misawodebi qsis wyali SeTbeba jer ortqlwylian SemTbobSi (boilersi) 8 ortqlis turbinidan artmeuli ortqlit, Semdeg ki airwylian SemTbobSi 9 atd-is warmavali airebit. energosistemasi ortqlairuli Tecis funqcionirebit ganpirobebuli satbobis fardobiti ekonomia energowarmoebis gancalkevebul metodtan SedarebiT tolia: otd 1/ kes 1/ saq 1 N sr B ek 11/ atd aotd / saq ; (13) sadac - atd-is da otd-is eqtromeqanikuri mq koeficientia em 21

22 ( 0, 97 ); em,, Sesabamisad airturbinuli danadgaris, atd kes saq kondensaciuri eqrosadguris da raionuli saqvabis mq koeficientebi; otd - ortqlturbinul danadgarsi eqtroenergiis kutri gamomusaveba Tburi moxmarebis bazaze; gm - atd-is warmavali airebis sitbos wili, romic miewodeba airwylian SemTbobs; otd N -ortqlairul TecSi Semavali ortqlturbinuli da airturbinuli danadgarebis eqtrul simzlavreta fardoba; N T ortqlis turbinasi Tbofikaciuri nakadit gamomusavebuli fardobiti eqtruli simzlavre; q war atd-is warmavali airebit sitbos kutri danakargi atd-is 1 kvt simzlavreze gaangarisebit. - koeficienti SeiZleba icvlebodes diapazonsi 0-dan 1- gm mde, roca gm =0, masin atd-is warmavali airebis sitbo mtlianad gamoiyeneba qvab-utilizatorsi ortqlis misarebad. am SemTxvevaSi otd-is eqtruli simzlavre maqsimaluria. Sesabamisad eqtroenergiis kutri gamomusaveba otd Zalian marali gamodis otd =2,0...2,3, satbobis fardobiti ekonomiac maqsimaluria: B ek =0,47. rodesac, gm =1, masin atd-is warmavali airebis sitbo gamoiyeneba mxolod qsis wylis SesaTbobad, airwylian SemTbobSi, ortqli qvab-utilizatorsi ar gamomusavdeba, amitom ortqlis turbina sqemidan gamoiricxeba da aotd airturbinul Tecad gardaiqmdeba. am SemTxvevaSi eqtruli simzlavris generireba warmoebs mxolod airturbinul danadgarsi, Sesabamisad parametric gamodis minimaluri - Semcirebulia: 0,8, satbobis fardobiti ekonomiac ramdenadme B ek =0,41. nax. 13 ze warmodgenilia aotd-tecis energoefeqturobis 22

23 ganxiluli macveneblebi airturbinuli danadgaris atd mq koeficientze damokidebulebit. amastan -is cvlilebis atd diapazoni mirebulia 25%-dan 40%-mde, xolo danarceni ganmsazrvri parametrebi: =0,37; =0,8; kes saq =0,2; gm =0,6. otd rogorc naxazidan Cans, atd -is gadidebisas ortqlairuli Tecis praqtikulad yva parametri intensiurad izrdeba. gamonakliss warmoadgens mxolod sidide, romic aotd atd -is gadidebisas 25%-dan 32,5%-mde jer izrdeba (0,67-dan 0,73-mde), xolo Semdgomi gazrdisas praqtikulad ucvli rceba. atd -is mirebul pirobebsi atd -is gadideba mititebul diapazonsi iwvevs kerzo mq koeficientis gazrdas 60%-dan (roca aotd atd =25%) 77%-mde ( atd =40%), izrdeba agretve aotd-tecis sruli mq koeficienti 71,5%-dan 83,5%-mde. nax. 13. aotd-tecis macveneblebi atd-is mq koeficientze damokidebulebit, roca =0,46, otd o =0,7, =0,6, =0,2, =0,37, =0,8, =0,97 otd gm kes saq em 23

24 nax. 14 ze nacvenebia satbobis fardobiti Bek ekonomiis damokidebuleba aotd parametrze. am funqcias mkvetrad zrdadi B ek nax. 14. damokidebuleba Bek f aotd-tecisatvis, roca =0,37, kes =0,8, saq aotd =0,4, =0,6, atd otd t =100 0 C war xasiati aqvs. es mrudi adasturebs, rom eqtroenergiis kutri gamomusaveba Tburi moxmarebis bazaze arsebitad gansazrvravs satbobis im ekonomias, romic miirweva energosistemasi ortqlairuli Tecis funqcionirebisas Tboeqtromomaragebis gancalkevebul metodtan SedarebiT. amjamad energetikasi ZiriTadi yuradreba organuli satbobis wvis produqtebis utilizaciis problemas eqceva. organuli satbobis wvis Sedegad mirebuli - naxsirorjangi yovgvari SezRudvis garese gaityorcneba atmosferosi. Tu 2030 wlisatvis atmosferosi C 2 is Semadgenloba 2-jer gaizrdeba, es gamoiwvevs dedamiwaze temperaturis sasualod 0 2 C it gazrdas, amitom uaxloes periodsi. C 2 is problema aucileblad unda gadawydes Tboenergetikis ekologiuri problemebis gadawyvetis efeqturi gzebia: 1) Tboenergetikis ganvitareba Tanamedrove airturbinuli teqnologiebis gamoyenebis bazaze; 2) Tboeqtrosadgurebis wvis produqtebze x -is Semcireba, 2 S -is da 24

25 C 2 -is sruli an nawilobrivi utilizacia; 3) TesebSi mazutis, rogorc sarezervo satbobis gamoyenebis gamoricxva, rac SesaZlebia ganxorcides Tesebis sqemasi bunebrivi airis gamtxevadebi danadgaris CarTviT. Txevadi airis Senaxva ar warmoadgens did sirtules. sawiroebis SemTxvevaSi, gatxevadebuli airi regazifikaciis Semdeg miewodeba sadgurs. aseti sqemit SesaZlebia mirweul iqnes ekologiuri situaciis mnisvnovani gaumjobeseba. garemosi C2 -is gamotyorcnili raodenobis kutri sidide aseve damokidebulia satbobis saxeobasa da teqnologiis efeqturobaze. TboeqtrosadgurebSi C2 -is sruli utilizacia SesaZlebia Tanamedrove, aprobirebuli teqnologiebis gamoyenebit. magram es gamoiwvevs Tesebis mq koeficientis mnisvnovan Semcirebas, kerzod, bunebriv airze momusave TesebisaTvis mq koeficienti Semcirdeba - 6.5% -it. kes yovive arnisnulidan gamomdinareobs, rom bunebrivi airi yvaze ekologiurad sufta satbobis saxeobaa da amitom mizansewonilia iseti gadawyvetilebis mireba, rom saqartvos Tboeqtosadgurebi (arsebuli da axali) funqcionirebdes mxolod bunebriv airze; mit umetes, rom saqartvo, wliani perspeqtivit, iafi bunebrivi airis zonasi imyofeba. upriania agretve adgilobrivi naxsiris (tyibuli-saoris sabado) gazifikacia da atd-ebsi gamoyeneba wlis 27 noembridan dakanonda direqtiva, eut-si Semavali 15 qveynisatvis, romsic warmodgenilia atmosferuli haersi ZiriTadi mavne nivtierebebis maqsimalurad dasasvebi saerto gamonabolqvebis CamonaTvali. bunebrivia, rom Cveni qveynis ekologiuri situaciis Sefasebis dros aucileblad unda iyos daculi atmosferosi gamotyorcnili mavne minarevebis dasasvebi normebi. ZiriTadi Sedegebi gamoqveynebuli Semdeg SromebSi 25

26 1. CitaSvili g., gocirize v., papava l., mwdlize q., e. fancxava. `msoflio energetikasi airturbinuli da ortqlairuli danadgarebis gamoyenebis masstabebi da perspeqtivebi perioduli samecniero Jurnali `inteqti 2007, #1 (27) Tbilisi. gv vezirisvili o., fancxava e. `energoefeqtianobis gazrdis strategia da misi martvis metodologiuri safuzvlebi mecniereba da teqnologiebi. 2007, #1-3. gv papava l., razmaze m., kejeraze n., mwdize q., fancxava e. `atmosferosi gamotyorcnili mavne minarevebis dasasvebi normebi samecniero-teqnikuri Jurnali `energia~ 2007, #1 (41). gv Читашвили Г., Мчедлидзе К., Панцхава Е. ` Расчет экономии топлива в энергосистеме с паротурбинными ТЭЦ samecniero-teqnikuri Jurnali `energia~ 2009, #2 (50)-2. gv mwedlize q. `ortqlturbinuli kogeneraciuli sadgurebis energoefeqturobis gamokvleva proporciuli metodit energetika: regionuli problemebi da ganvitarebis perspeqtivebi. a. weretlis saxmwifo universiteti. qutaisi; SromaTa krebuli maisi, gv CitaSvili g., mwdlize q. `kogeneraciul sistemebsi rtuli sqemebis airturbinuli danadgarebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb samecniero-teqnikuri Jurnali `energia. 2011, #1(57) gv mwedlize q. mcire simzlavris dizis narceni sitbos utilizaciis SesaZleblobis gaangariseba. Jurnali `saqartvos sainjinro siaxleni. 2012, #4. gv daskvna 1. gaanalizebulia msofliosi kogeneraciis ganvitarebis ZiriTadi etapebi, misi energoekonomiuri da ekologiuri upiratesobani. arnisnulia, rom amjamad kogeneracia vitardeba ZiriTadad airturbinuli da ortqlairuli teqnologiebis bazaze. msoflio gamocdilebaze dayrdnobit xazgasmulia, rom 26

27 kogeneraciis intensiur ganvitarebas swirdeba garkveuli pirobebi, xsemwyobi politikuri strategia da sakanonmdeblo baza. kogeneraciis ganvitarebisatvis didi mnisvnoba aqvs mirebuli ekonomikuri mogebis samartlian ganawilebas gamomusavebul sitbosa da eqtroenergias Soris. amjamad es ganawileba umetes qveynebsi warmoebs e.w. proporciuli metodit saqartvosi, yva piroba arsebobs kogeneraciis fartomasstabiani danergvisatvis. amisatvis mas unda mieniwos saxmwifoebrivi prioriteti da moizidos sawiro investiciebi. kogeneracia xs Seuwyobs energokrizisis dazlevas qveyanasi. 2. damusavebulia airturbinuli Tecebis energoefeqturobis macveneblebis gaangarisebis axali - `proporciuli metodi. dadgenilia, rom am metodit gatvlil macveneblebze ZiriTadad gavlenas axdens airturbinuli danadgaris da Casanacvlebi kesisa da saqvabis mq koeficientebebi. nacvenebia, rom proporciuli metodis gamoyenebisas satbobis ekonomia nawildeba airturbinul TecSi gamomusavebul ori saxis energias (sitbo da eqtroenergia) Soris. Sedarebulia proporciuli da fizikuri metodebit gansazrvruli Tecis energoefeqturobis macveneblebi. 3. normatiuli metodis gamoyenebit Catarebulia КО tipis turbinebit arwurvili ortqlturbinuli Tecis energoefeqturobis macveneblebis saangariso-analizuri gamokvleva. gansazrvrulia satbobis kutri xarji da misi fardobiti ekonomia energowarmoebis gancalkevebul metodtan SedarebiT. 4. Seswavlilia gardabansi amjamad moqmedi airturbinuli danadgarebis atd-tecad rekonstruqciis efeqturobis SesaZlebloba. dadgenilia, rom gatbobis sezonsi aseti Tecis sruli mq -s. dadgenilia, rom satbobis 34%, xolo pirobiti satbobis kutri xarji eqtroenergiis gacemaze iqneba 280,6 gp.s./(kvt.st), misi TviTRirebuleba - 4,4 centi/(kvt.st). 5. kogeneraciuli sistemebis TecebSi umartivesi sqemis airturbinuli danadgaris magivrad rtuli sqemebis danadgarebis 27

28 gamoyeneba sasualod 2025%-iT zrdis satbobis ekonomias energosistemasi, Tboeqtromomaragebis gancalkevebul metod- Tan SedarebiT. 6. gaanalizirebulia q. TbilisSi gldanis raionsi adre moqmedi #44 saqvabis airturbinul Tecad rekonstruqciis efeqturoba da gatvlilia Tecis ZiriTadi teqnikur-ekonomikuri macveneblebi. 7. mcire simzlavris A-41 tipis dizis magalitze gaanalizebulia narceni sitbos utilizaciis SesaZlebloba. dadgenilia, rom gatbobis sistemasi am dizis gamoyenebisas SesaZlebi iqneba 800 m 2 fartobis Senobis gatbobit uzrunvyofa. 8. qvab-utilizatorian ortqlairul satbobis sitbos gamoyenebis xarisxi (sruli mq koeficienti) maralia da sxvadasxva pirobebsi %-s Seadgens. maralekonomiuri atdebis gamoyenebisas aotd-tecsi satbobis kutri xarji eqtroenergiis gamomusavebaze minimaluria gp.s./(kvt.st). sxva tipis kogeneraciul sadgurebtan SedarebiT, eqtroenergiis kutri gamomusaveba Tburi moxmarebis bazaze (parametri ) yvaze maralia da 2,0...2,3-s arwevs. Sesabamisad yvaze metia satbobis fardobiti ekonomia energosistemasi -0,35...0,47%. ABSTRACT Examination of cogeneration methods of heat and ectricity generation in Georgia on the basis of high-effective power plants Cogeneration is the highest form of heating and ectricity supply. It is considered as one of the most important strategic directions of rational use of heating and power resources. Cogeneration shall provide important savings of organic fu, financial and labour resources, shall support improvement of environmental situation in towns and industrial centers. In the conditions of steady rising of fu in price, role of cogeneration shall gradually increase much more. Improvement of combined generation (cogeneration) systems of ectricity and heating energies is paid great attention all over the world. Fair distribution of economic profit obtained through cogeneration, between generated heat and ectricity 28

29 is significant. The distribution currently takes place in many countries in accordance with so called proportional method that considers division of all charges in heat and power plant through separate methodology in proportion with any revant charges between two energies at generation of heat and ectricity (in boiler house and condensate power house). Major stages of the devopment of cogeneration, its power-economic and ecological advantages all over the world have been analyzed in the work. It has been specified that cogeneration currently is devoped on the basis of gas-turbine and gasvapor technologies. Data about scopes and perspectives of using gas-turbine and gasvapor facilities in the power engineering of the wl-devoped and devoping countries of the world has been specified. Gas-turbine and gas-vapor installations are characterized by high thermal effectiveness, minimal specific value, good environmental properties, quick redemption of investments, efficiency of usage in cogeneration and etc. The design-analytic examination of the showings of power efficiency of gasvapor heat and power plant equipped with KO type turbines has been carried out by using of normative method. Specific flow of fu and its rative savings to compare with the separate method of power generation has been determined. The fact that the showings of power efficiency of heat and power plants calculated by Proportional method is influenced by efficiency factor of gas-turbine installation, difference between exit gases and outdoor temperature as wl as condensing power plant and boiler house efficiency factors, have been specified in the work. The issue of using complicated scheme gas-turbine installations in cogeneration system has been reviewed. It has been known that the simplest scheme gas-turbine installations are used in gas-turbine heat and power plants currently. They are quite cheap and power effective. According to examinations of scientists of the different countries, it has been ascertained that the usage of complicated scheme gasturbine installations in heat and power plants shall provide clear, more thermodynamic effect. Efficiency of two type gas-turbine heat and power plant has been analyzed basing upon the previously devoped methodology: when the gas-turbine installation of the simplest scheme is used and the second: when the installation of complicated scheme is used with air intercooling, regeneration and intermediate supply of heat. Rative saving of fu that is reached by functioning of gas-turbine heat and power plant in energy system to compare with the separate methodology of heat power supply has been adopted as the major criteria of comparison. Fu economy on the second case shall be 20 25% more to compare with the first version. Efficiency of presumable reconstruction of gas-turbine installations currently operated in Gardabani, into gas-turbine installation-heat and power plant has been examined in the work, possibility of the remainder heat utilization on the example of small-capacity A-41 dies has been analyzed as wl. Some high power gas-turbine heat and power plant that shall significantly increase yearly output of ectricity in energy system can be made at the territories of former boiler houses in Georgia. Combined generation of heat and ectricity shall provide savings of more than 1 billion cubic meter natural gas of 80 million USD. Sf-cost of ectricity generation shall be the least 2 2,5 cent (kwt/hr). Construction of the above heat and power plants shall be 2-times cheap than the construction of gas-vapor heat and power plant of the same capacity. Exploitation of gas-turbine heat and power plants shall be especially effective in autumn and winter when the peaks of ectricity and thermal loads take place simultaneously. 29

30 Efficiency of reconstruction of the previously operated # 44 boiler house in Gldani, Tbilisi into gas-turbine heat and power plant has been analyzed and the major technical-economic showings have been determined. Binary steamer-utilizer heating gas-vapor plants are distinguished by maximal generation of ectricity on the basis of thermal consumption and are the most perspective for heat and power plants. It has been established that power efficiency of steamer-utilized gas-vapor heat and power plant is mainly depended on the efficiency factor of gas-turbine plant and the showings of heating gas-vapor turbine power efficiency. Specific generation of ectricity if gas-turbine installation heat and power plant is the highest on the basis of thermal consumption and reaches to 2,0 2,3. Accordingly, rative savings of fu is the most of all in energy system (35 47%). The present index is significantly depended to the efficiency factor of the sectional boiler house to be replaced and condense power plant. 30